KT boundary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

KT boundary - Essay Example This unique layer in terms of its contents and age is believed to have been created sixty five million years ago. Geologists believe this demarcating line to be a clue to the extinction of dinosaurs and the spread of mammals on the earth. The contents of this layer are mainly clay in the bottom and in the upper layer it has got mixtures of minerals like quarts and broken pieces of prismatic crystal substances. The presence of iridium in this layer is very high. Supporting the theory of the mass impact as the presence of it is very less in earth whereas it is abundant in asteroids. The thickness of KT Boundary: Panelists unanimously agree that there is variation in the thickness of the layer. It becomes thinner in Northern America and Canada. But in Italy it is just one centimeter in thickness. The panelists observe that the line gets thinner when it moves from Southern American states into the Northern American states to Canada. The thickness of the layer is three centimeters in America whereas it is only 1 cm thick in Italy owing to the climate impacts on the boundary. KT Boundary and the Extinction of Dinosaurs: The most scientists believe that dinosaurs became extinct because of a single catastrophic event; a massive asteroid impact and gradually the earth witnessed the spread of mammals. The fall of the asteroid led to a kind of situation on the atmosphere where there was no sunlight and thus there was no process of photosynthesis which made a greater crack in the food chain which led to massive extinction. As a result, comparatively bigger animals got extinct whereas mammals and other minor organisms could survive as they were able to hibernate .Scientists are of the opinion that dinosaurs wanted a large area to live in and they could not withstand the impact of asteroid fall and the aftereffects.. In the talk, panelists tell us of crocodiles and turtles who could live underneath the water after the mass impact. Alternate Theory: Melvyn Brag after

Health Care Marketing Essay Example for Free

Health Care Marketing Essay The United States spends more than $4.2 billion annually as a resource to market in the direction of health care consumers. Advertisements consist of pharmaceuticals, alternative medicine, and in many cases, lawsuits as a result of alleged bad drugs. The two forms of marketing are direct to consumer advertising (DTCA) of medicines to treat a disease or illness, and direct advertisements reaching a more diverse populace of health care consumers requiring medication. Through the practice of print advertisements, television announcements, radio commercials, the far-reaching side effect of health care marketing is fast becoming an epidemic. My Opinion on Current Health Care Marketing Techniques While my opinion on health care is apparent, I also realize the ever-changing atmosphere and understand that with change come additional responsibilities. From first-hand accounts and voice-to-voice with family in the health care arena, I am doubtful that all possible improvements have been implemented. It is my desire to see a more established forefront to the real problems in health care. We have great potential in this country to improve the processes and services available to health care consumers. How I feel Current Marketing Techniques Are Affecting Consumers? Marketing techniques, in my opinion, often overstep the boundary of ethical behavior; more particularly regarding the use of pharmaceutical marketing techniques. I often wonder about the validity of claims made on behalf of pharmaceutical companies, providing vast amounts of information to an unrecognized audience. â€Å"A recent content analysis of 38 television commercials concluded that the emotional appeal overshadowed factual information about the drug: only 26% of commercials provided information about the causes of or risk factors for disease, and 19% suggested lifestyle changes as adjunctive treatments† Pharmaceutical Industry Profile 2007. This information has aided in forming an opinion about how techniques are often over-extended to reach a more diverse population, often with disregard to how this information is perceived by the audience. Conclusion I am grateful for the opportunity to participate in this course. My hopes are to expand my understanding of the processes of health care marketing, learning all the facets of techniques, capabilities, and social responsibilities. References Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America. Pharmaceutical Industry Profile 2007. Washington, DC: PhRMA, 2007.

How To Prevent Tooth Decay

How To Prevent Tooth Decay 1. Introduction Fotek (2012) noted that tooth decay, which is also called dental caries or dental cavities, is a source of infection, causing the loss of mineral salts and devastation of the hard tissues such as enamel, dentin and cementum. It is a result of the bacterial fermentation of the food. If it is untreated, itll lead to pain. Nowadays, tooth decay is remain one of the most popular health problems all over the world. In fact, everyone can easily have problems with tooth decay but children are at the highest risk. Tooth decay has its own long history. University of Illinois (n.d) recommends that over a million years ago, hominid like Australopithecus suffered from cavities. Some evidences found by Archaeologies show that tooth decay is an ancient disease in prehistorically period (University of Illinois n.d). Evidence such as skulls which are excavated through the neolithic period gives signs of caries (University of Illinois). Richards (2002, p.1275) suggests that in South Asia, the growth in caries is related to the rice cultivation. From 5000 BC, Sumerian considered tooth worm as the cause of tooth decay. The proof of this belief has been found in some Asian countries such as India, Egypt, Japan and China (Richards Norman 1990). A report in the NBC News (4 May 2006) revealed that in Pakistan, a 7000-year-old teeth show nearly perfect the holes from primitive dental drills. Thus, this paper, with the purpose to help people know more about tooth decay and learn how to prevent it. 2. Discussion of findings 2.1. The signs and symptoms of tooth decay A recent study by Health Promotion Board shows that : A person experiencing caries may not be aware of the disease. The visual aspect of a chalky white place in the surface of tooth is the earliest mark of a new carious lesion, showing an area of demineralization of enamel (King 2011). As the wound continues to demineralization, it can turn brown but finally will turn into cavity (Clake n.d). In Dental Cavities (2012) continues when the tooth enamel and dentine are destroyed, the tooth decay becomes noticeable, the affected area of tooth also becomes vulnerable. Moreover, once the decay passes through enamel and reach to the nerve of the tooth will result in a toothache. Bad breath and foul tastes are also the consequences of dental caries (Clake n.d). 2.2. Causes of tooth decay There are four main reasons for tooth decay organization: teeth, bacteria, fermentable carbohydrates and time. Smith, B. Pickard, H. M. (1990) states that the caries process does not have an unavoidable result and different people will have different degrees basing on the form of their teeth, oral hygiene habits, and the content of their saliva. The first reason that Neville (2002, p.89) stated is that teeth are affected by many diseases that can leave an individual at a great risk for caries. He also said that Amelogenesis imperfect, which occurs between 1 in 718 and 1 in 1,400 individuals, is a disease that the enamel does not form in full or forms in deficient amounts that can fall off a tooth. Therefore, teeth may be more vulnerable because the enamel is not able to protect the tooth in both cases (Neville, p.94). The cause of tooth decay by disease affecting the teeth is not the main reason in almost people. Cate (1998, p.1) indicated that: Ninety-six percent of tooth enamel is composed of minerals and when let out to the acidic environment, these minerals will become soluble. Once root surface of teeth are exposed, cavities can develop easily even in a healthy oral environment. Moving on to the next point, bacteria are present in mouth to change over the sugars and amylum into acids (Priya Johnson 2012). A substance called plaque in the mouth is the combination of bacteria, acid and saliva (Johnson 2012). This compound is sticky and cling itself to the teeth, especially on the surface of grinders and at the edges of teeth fillings (Johnson 2012). Plaque compile within 20 minutes after eating, the time when most bacteria action starts (Johnson 2012). In addition, the more food is consumed, the more plaque is formed (Johnson 2012). The third reason referred to the fermentable carbohydrates. Bacteria in a persons mouth convert glucose, fructose into acids like lactic acid via a process called fermentation, when contacting with the tooth, these may cause demineralization (Neville 2002). Fluoride toothpaste can help demineralization (Silverstone 1983). An amount of mineral content may be lost if demineralization keeps continuing so that forming a hole (Madigan Martinko p.705). The impact like sugars has on the process of tooth decay named carcinogenicity (Madigan Martinko p.705). According to British Nutrition Foundation (2004), the oftenness that teeth are exposed to acidic environments affected the likeliness of caries evolution. UCLASD (2006) suggested that after meals, the bacteria in the mouth metabolize sugar that decreases pHs As time goes by, the pH returns normal due to the capacity of saliva and the faded mineral content of tooth surface (UCLASD 2006). During every exposure to the acidic environment, part of inorganic mineral content at the teeth surface can remain dissolved for 2 hours (UCLASD 2006). If the diet is rich in carbohydrates, the carious process can start within days of the tooth erupting into the mouth (UCLASD 2006). Summit (2001, p.75) suggests that the introduction of fluoride treatments can slow down the process. Proximal caries take four years to pass through enamel in permanent teeth because the cementum enclosing the root surface is not as long-lasting as the enamel, root caries attended to progress more rapidly than on other sur faces (Summit 2001). 2.3. How to prevent tooth decay? Everyone wishes they had beautiful teeth but they do not know how to protect their teeth. Keeping cleaning outside and inside teeth is essential for long-lasting look as well as tooth strength. Oral hygiene is one of the most important methods to prevent dental caries. Personal oral hygiene care compounds of brushing and flossing everyday (Nguyen 2011). He also suggests that in order to prevent dental caries, people need to brush teeth after every meal. Besides, brush teeth regularly in the morning and evening, or at least once a day after dinner. Brush teeth with a soft bristle brush, brush inside, outside and chewing surfaces (Nguyen 2011). Using toothpaste contained fluoride, drinking water or salt to supplement fluoride can reduce 30% of dental caries (Nguyen 2011). Beside oral hygiene, a report in the Helium (2011) revealed that everyone should have the dentist checked every 6 months. If the plaque is found building up between your teeth, note what the dentist says. Listening to what the dentists said can also help to lessen the appearance of plaque. Finally, dietary alteration also helps people to prevent tooth decay. For dental health, the amount of sugar that is taken in is more important than the amount of sugar used up (British Nutrition Foundation, 2004). Hence, the recommendation of minimizing snacking is brought out because snacking produces a supply of nutrition for acid-producing in the mouth. For children, the American Dental Association and the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry suggest to reduce the oftenness of drinks with sugar. And not giving baby bottles to babies when they sleep. The guideline of Clinical Affairs Committee (2012) is also recommended mothers not to share utensils and cups with their babies to prevent transmitting bacteria from mothers mouth. 2.4. Tooth decay in Vietnam As stated in Dan tri (2012), with the parents, the smile of children are always the precious things. However, they do not care much about their childrens teeth or many false views lead to some unpredicted consequences. Parents often think that it is too soon to teach their children how to protect the teeth, and baby teeth will be replaced by permanent teeth; its time for children to brush teeth two times a day to avoid tooth decay. In fact, it is extremely wrong if children have tooth decay in the period of baby teeth, they will at risk of tooth decay in adulthood. Currently, according to the Vietnamese Smile Protection Program (2012), about 85% of children aged 6 to 8 suffered from tooth decay; 60 90% of children have gingivitis. Not as romantic as the fairy tales that the tooth fairy would make the tooth disappears, they also emphasized that if not treated; tooth decay will lead to pancreatitis and cause pain. There are many reasons for the alarming number of childrens oral health, including the lack of parental attention to this issue. Parents accidentally support the childrens bad habits such as improper brushing, eating too much sweet. Oral health status was at risk. According to Hanoi Medical University, up to 90.4% of children were examined with plaque. According to this statistics, tooth decay in ages of 6-8 is 84.9%, permanent caries at ages of 9-11 is 54.6%. This has become the common concern not only of the society but also the dental experts who know most about dental problems as well as the importance of teeth for the development of children. As the result, children need dental care as soon as the appearance of the first tooth, also maintain proper brushing habits will help children learn how to take care of their tooth.

Endangered Species Study: Jaguars :: essays research papers fc

Endangered Species Study: Jaguars I. The jaguars of Central and South America have been being killed for game and protection. This cat used to have homes around the United States to Uruguay, but ever since the fears of extinction the jaguars have moved to the undeveloped rain forests in Latin America. Jaguars are being killed due to many people fearing for their own lives and many are also being killed to protect cattle. Jaguars do stalk and ambush their prey, however, they rarely ever attack man. One of the main reasons that jaguars are still living is that they can adapt to many habitats, from tropical rain forests and swampy areas to scrub lands and grasslands. II. Jaguars are part of the life cycle of many species. Killing jaguars for protection and furs are ruining other species that live in the same range as them. These cats are of no harm to human life, most deaths that jaguars have had a part in were to protect themselves from being killed. Many jaguars just disappear from the pressures of being killed. While the animal is trying to change habitats they have died. The rain forests that the jaguars inhabit are being torn down to open up lumbering, farming, livestock raising, and other activities carried out by humans. Killing a jaguar is taking away a life that is doing no harm to the eco-system. A jaguars' way of living is much like that of a human, you don't see jaguars killing humans for their skin. III. Any endangered specie, including the jaguar, has many different alternatives in which the government or a national group would have to be involved. There are several organizations that help the breeding and life of many species. One way of breeding a specific species would be to freeze sperm and embryos so that scientists may breed more of the species when they are close to extinction. IV. I feel that the jaguar can be saved by forcing contractors to move their construction to a different place rather than a rain forest so that the jaguars

Traditional Western and Disney Ideals as Seen in Mulan Essay example --

Traditional Western and Disney Ideals as Seen in Mulan Fairy tales have been a long tradition in almost all cultures, starting as oral traditions to and gradually evolving into written texts intended for future generations to enjoy. Today, a common medium for relaying these ancient stories is through animation. The Walt Disney Company is probably the most well known for its animated portrayals of many classic fairy tales. These fairy tales are considered, by fairy tale researcher Justyna Deszcz to be â€Å"cultural institutions, which exist within an institutional framework of production, distribution, and reception, as well as fulfilling specific social functions, such as the preservation of the cultural heritage of a given country.† The majority of these Disney fairy tales are derivatives of European stories. However, in 1998 Disney opened its first animated feature with an Asian theme in both the United States and Asia. Disney’s Mulan seems to stray from the traditional structure of a Disney fairytale, those which have a â€Å"relatively uncomplicated sequence of adventures, revolving around impeccably positive characters, who, depending on their gender, either conquer evil or passively wait to be rescued† (Deszcz). Disney’s Mulan was aimed to please both the Asian and modern American markets. However, the Walt Disney Company fails to completely step away from its established model in terms of portrayals of minorities, Western depictions of men being dominant in the fairy-tale world, and a woman’s ultimate role and happiness being conditional on men. Mulan continues to promote Disney’s idea of Western cultures as being ideal and its sexist views regarding women.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The story of the great Chinese female warrior, Hua Mulan, first appeared as a ballad titled â€Å"Ode to Mulan† in approximately 500 A. D. In the ballad, there is a young woman by the name of Mulan who is feeling dejected because she has just gone into town where she saw lists of men’s names who are being called to serve in the Chinese army. One man on the list is Mulan’s crippled father. Because she has no older brother who can take his place, Mulan, with the consent of her parents, then decides to go to the marketplace and buy a horse and saddle so that she may go to war. Mulan leaves and fights in the war against the Huns for twelve years. When she returns, her troop is honore... ...rsity of Southern California Lib., Los Angeles, CA. 22 April 2004 . Gleiberman, Owen. â€Å"Mulan.† Entertainment Weekly 17 July 1998: 63. He, Zhongshun. â€Å"What Does the American Mulan Look Like?.† Chinese Sociology & Anthropology 32.2 (1999):23-24. Kuhn, Anthony. â€Å"China to Show 'Mulan,' Seeming to End Its Dispute With Disney.† The Los Angeles Times. 8 Feb. 1999: 14. Proquest. Electric Lib University of Southern California Lib., Los Angeles, CA. 22 April 2004 . Li, Fei. â€Å"Plan for Mulan’s Marketing Strategy.† Chinese Sociology & Anthropology 32.2 (1999): 15-19. â€Å"Mulan’s China Woes.† Asiaweek. 2 April 1999. 26 April 2004. . Shao, Peng. â€Å"Analysis of Mulan’s Selling Points and Marketing Operations.† Chinese Sociology & Anthropology 32.2 (1999):11-14. Song, Quanzhong. â€Å"Mulan’s Former Home Hitches a Ride with Disney.† Chinese Sociology & Anthropology 32.2 (1999): 33-34. Zhang, Renjie. â€Å"Ode to Mulan.† Chinese Sociology & Anthropology 32.2 (1999): 30-32. Zhang, Yang. â€Å"Thoughts Elicited by Illustration.† Chinese Sociology & Anthropology 32.2 (1999): 26-27. Zhu, Yi. â€Å"Seeing Mulan in the United States.† Chinese Sociology & Anthropology 32.2 (1999): 20-22.

Uniqueness and Universality in Tess of the DUbervilles :: Tess of the dUrbervilles Essays

Uniqueness and Universality in Tess of the D'Ubervilles      Ã‚   She can flirt, she can listen, she can sympathize, she can work with her hands.  Ã‚  Ã‚   (Hardy   131)    The above line from Hardy's Tess of the d'Urbervilles demonstrates a great deal about the themes of the novel as well as the character of Tess.   The line reprinted above is supposed to reveal the versatility of Tess' character.   However, it also reveals a good deal that helps us understand Hardy's central theme of the book.   This is because the versatility of Tess' persona is what makes her unique.   However, she is purity, fortitude, woman and suffering personified.   Nonetheless, she is herself and no other person, unlike any other woman.   This contrast of her universal qualities but her individual differences is significant to understanding one of Hardy's core themes if not the core theme in the novel:   Tess is a symbol of the common predicament of all mankind-we are meant to suffer, love and endure.   However, despite this universality Tess' pain is made to seem unique by Hardy's skill.   In her unique vitality and versatility we understand the universality and unique phenomena of tragedy.    The character of Tess is one that symbolizes the positive aspects of life, but she represents the unrealized potential that is within all human beings as much as she comes to symbolize how so very often we end up differently than we might.   Of course, her universality is also embodied within the Christian community wherein she exists, but she also represents as do others in the novel the pagan nature of mankind underneath the surface of social appearances.   Like the line reprinted at the outset, Tess' unique nature despite being an example of common mankind is also evidenced when she rejects the vicar and his church.   The vicar refuses to give her child a Christian burial and Tess replies, "'Then I don't like you!', she burst out, 'and I'll never come to your church again'" (Hardy   147).   However, this is not meant to show Tess rejecting God or men of God, but, instead, it is designed to show us how sensitive and clear-headed Tess is when facing those who are so heartl ess that even when they are a man of God they could heartlessly act.   She once again symbolizes the common lot of mankind (to be sensitive to heartlessness and human deprivation), but she also symbolizes a

Discuss how the following stories from the gothic tradition create suspense and which is the more successful? Essay

The short story is an ideal form for writers who want to create a sense of terror or horror. Discuss how the following stories from the gothic tradition create suspense and which is the more successful? The first gothic Novel was written by Horace Walpole and was called ‘The Castle of Otrando.’ It was written in 1764 and after this gothic literacy exploded and became very popular. The imaginative stories often lacked any real worth but were published world wide to satisfy the public. They were bought by a lot of young women. The excitement and fantasy of the stories added interest to the otherwise boring lives of these Victorian women. The main features of Gothic stories are ruined buildings and graveyards, a foreign setting, a solitary character, a persecuted heroine, mysterious disappearances and supernatural occurrences, insanity, sexuality, pathetic fallacy, exaggerating language, multiple narrators and a use of horror or horror. Stories usually contain quite a few of these but not all of them. These ideas were wild and exotic to the Victorian people. Many had never travelled abroad and insanity was a major fear during these times. Gothic short stories use horror or horror to frighten the audience and keep them reading. Horror and horror are both related to fright but they are different things. Horror is more a build up of fear and usually only hints at alarming things and lets you imagination do the rest until you are terrified of what is going to happen. Horror is about what you have seen and can relate to a past experience you have seen. Horror is more shocking and is what you can see at that moment. Both lead to a different effect in gothic short stories. The first of the stories I am considering is ‘The Madman’s Manuscript,’ by Charles Dickens. The story is written in the form of an embedded narrative. The man, Mr Pickman, cannot sleep and he reads the tale of a madman in an asylum. The horror of the story already begins to build as the ‘strange handwriting,’ and ‘soiled and blotted,’ paper is described. This gives you a sense that there is something not right about this man. Mr Pickmans fear is obvious as the title ‘gave him a sudden start.’ During the Victorian ages, when this story was written, people had a fascination with insanity as there was no cure and it was dangerous and unpredictable. This story takes advantage of the fear. The manuscript becomes hysterical and this plays on the idea of insanity making you lose control. The opening word,’ yes- a madman’s!’ builds the horror as you are aware of this mans condition. The words in the first paragraph, like ‘roused the horror,’ ‘blood hissing and tingling through my veins,’ ‘my knees knocked together with fright,’ and ‘the glare of a madman’s eye,’ emphasise the tone and describe the madman’s fear of insanity and increase the tension as you begin to feel his fright. The tone of the story changes as in the second paragraph, as the man’s past is described. He is from a family of insanity and he fears throughout his lie that he shall also become insane. ‘I knew that madness was mixed up with my very blood, and the marrow of my bones.’ Words like ‘cowered, screamed and crouched,’ help you experience this mans visions and fears and increase the tension as you realize he is turning mad and it is only a matter of time. As the dreaded madness finally comes upon our main character, the tone changes again as the madman is happy about his freedom from the fear, ‘at last it came upon me, and I wondered how I could ever have feared it.’ He describes how happy his life is as he hides his insanity and enjoys life. He fears his friends finding out his secret but finds it amusing ‘to think how pale he (his friend) would have turned, and how fast he would have run, if he had known that the dear friend†¦ was a madman with all the power.’ The madman felt in control of his life at this point and ‘it was a merry life!’ He becomes rich and continues to hide his insanity from the world as he wishes to marry a beautiful young woman. He is not pleased with the fact that the girl, who he marries, does not love him and wishes to be with another man, she is typical of a gothic story as she is beautiful, helpless and persecuted but as we are not really given any ideas of her character or her name, it is hard to sympathise with her. When the madman discovers his wife’s true feelings his is driven to pity ‘the wretched life to which her cold and selfish relations had doomed her,’ and we begin to fear for the girl as he talks about her death. He fears her giving birth ‘to some ill-fated being, destined to hand down madness to its offspring.’ The final line of this paragraph shocks us as he ‘resolved to kill her.’ He talks about the many ways in which he wants to kill his wife and we fear for her safety and the viciousness of the madman as he discussed the many cruel ways of killing her like poison, drowning or fire. The attempted killing of the girl is described in great detail as it builds the horror and tension of the scene. The man is also cunning as when she awakes and begins to scream he hides his insanity and instead lets the house believe it is she who is mad. The horror increases in the story as the mans insanity increases and he goes ‘into the open fields†¦ and laughed till the air resounded with my shouts.’ The girl dies the next day and he pretends to mourn his loss even though he had killed her. The man becomes restless and he ‘felt that before long my secret must be known.’ The horror of what he will do next returns. This is increased as he describes his struggle as, ‘I ground my teeth, and struck my feet upon the floor, and drove my nails into my hands. I kept it down.’ When the man’s brother-in-law visits him and he kills him, his secret is found out and the man is locked up in an asylum. The description of the ‘grey cell where the sunlight seldom comes,’ adds to the horror of the story as the place is described as a prison and many people would fear turning mad like this man and ending up in this horrible place. The note at the end speaks about how perhaps the man was driven mad by the fear of insanity, rather than it being inherited. The sensationalist language throughout the piece adds to the horror as the situation is exaggerated and seems worse than it is. The second story is ‘Strange Events in the Life of Schalken the Painter,’ by J.S. Le Fanu. This story focuses more on terror as we do not discover what happens to our heroine during her marriage. The foreign setting of Holland made the story more exciting to the Victorian readers as this was a strange, exotic place where they had never been. The story is again set in the embedded narrative. The narrator heard the story of Schalken after he saw a painting by him in the house of Captain Vandal, a man he once visited. The story is told to the man by the Captain. Schalken is a young man working for Gerard Douw. He worked hard for his master as he was in love with Douw’s niece, Rose Velderkaust. Schalken was ‘a poor man,’ and his love for Rose makes us feel sympathy for him. He works hard for her and we want him to be rewarded for his hard work with her hand in marriage. The scene is set for the arrival of the mysterious stranger. The silence and darkness gives an eerie and sinister atmosphere. The ‘short, sudden laugh,’ breaks this atmosphere and the terror at what it could be builds. The dark description of the mysterious man and the fact that the man’s face is not seen makes the man peculiar and we wonder who he could be. As the man disappears and cannot be seen walking away from the building, it is suggested that this man could be supernatural. When the man reappears the next day, his strange image is continued. He gives Schalken some jewellery to be valued and his wealth is shown. He asks Douw if he can have Rose’s hand in marriage and the painter accepts. The stranger keeps his face hidden and words like ‘mysterious,’ and ‘unexpected,’ build terror as we don’t know who this man is. When we finally hear the description of the man, it is gruesome. His face is ‘coloured with the bluish leaden hue,’ and he has ‘two lone, discoloured fangs.’ This gives us the impression he is a vampire and there is something paranormal about him. Rose’s shock and fright at the man adds to the terror as the reader knows she must marry him. Rose is forced to marry the cruel and ugly man. She then seems to disappear and although Gerard Douw tries to search for her and her husband, he cannot find them. The mystery of this adds to the terror of the story. One night Rose rushes into the room and her typical gothic heroine image is gone. She is no longer beautiful and virginal but ‘wild and haggard.’ er The The shock of Douw and Shalken is obvious and we are terrified at the state of the girl. She is described in a way that makes her seem almost insane, which would petrify the Victorian public. She demands not to be left alone and says ‘I am lost forever if you do!’ The almost supernatural occurrence if a shadowy figure adds to the terror as you are unsure why the girl is in a panic and what is happening. When the clergyman arrives he is unsympathetic and you fear all hope is lost for the girl. As Douw leaves to get another candle the girl screams for him not to leave but it is too late. The door swings shut and they could not get it open again. The girl shrieks. This story is more terrifying than ‘The Madman’s Manuscript,’ as there is no description of the girl’s death and you are left to imagine what is happening to her. The shrieks stop and a ‘light step is heard crossing the floor, as if from the bed to the window,’ and we think perhaps Rose has escaped but ‘no trace of Rose was ever found.’ The mystery of her death leaves you wondering where she is and if she survived. The final part of the story is set years ahead of the rest of the story and we are given the sense that Schalken never forgot Rose. Schalken has a vision about Rose and her husband and it again we feel there is something supernatural about the story. There are no explanations given for the disappearance or his vision and it lets you imagine what you think has happened. Both stories create tension and suspense. ‘The Madman’s manuscript,’ creates horror and is more visual than ‘Strange events in the life of Schalken the Painter,’ but it is not successful in maintaining suspense. The story is very extravagant and it is difficult to sympathise with the characters. The suspense is built up in ‘Strange events in the life of Schalken the Painter,’ as it is mysterious with strange characters and Schalken, the hero with whom we can easily sympathise. The sense of something supernatural makes the story seem even more exotic and unrealistic and the use of terror makes the story more enjoyable, in my opinion, as you use your imagination to think about what has happened to the characters. For these reasons, I feel ‘Strange events in the life of Schalken the Painter,’ uses terror better than ‘The Madman’s manuscript.’